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.people-section .profile-layout{padding-top:.3rem}.people-section .profile-links h3{font-size:1.2rem;color:var(--accent);margin-top:.85rem}.people-section .profile-copy h3{font-size:1.45rem;color:var(--accent);margin-bottom:1rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding-bottom:.55rem}
.member-portrait{overflow:hidden;aspect-ratio:1;margin-bottom:1rem}.member-portrait img{height:100%;width:100%;object-fit:cover;margin:0}.member-portrait img[src$="sun-yiqing.jpg"]{transform:none;object-position:85% 50%}
.member-portrait img[src$="yang-chenfeng.jpg"]{transform:scale(1.4);transform-origin:62% 42%}
.member-portrait img[src$="xu-luxiao.png"]{object-position:50% 15%}
.member-portrait img[src$="wang-shengji.jpg"]{object-position:50% 85%}
.member-portrait img[src$="chen-zhichao-portrait.jpg"]{object-position:85% 50%}
.member-portrait img[src$="zhu-yuqing.jpg"]{object-position:50% 15%}
.member-portrait img[src$="yan-yizhu.jpg"]{object-position:50% 100%;transform:scale(1.8);transform-origin:52% 85%}
.member-portrait img[src$="tao-hanzhang.jpg"]{transform:scale(1.5);transform-origin:52% 80%}
.member-portrait img[src$="mao-haochen.jpg"]{object-position:50% 15%}
.member-portrait img[src$="zhang-junwei.jpg"]{object-position:50% 100%;transform:scale(1.35);transform-origin:50% 50%}

.banner-image.award{object-fit:contain;background:#e8eef2}.banner-copy .highlight-date{font-size:.8rem;margin-bottom:.65rem;color:var(--accent)}.banner-copy .highlight-paper{font-size:.85rem;line-height:1.6;margin-top:.75rem}

.news-content.has-photo{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(140px,200px) minmax(0,1fr);gap:1.2rem;align-items:start}.news-photo{margin:0}.news-photo img{width:100%;height:auto;display:block}.news-photo figcaption{font-size:.65rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--muted);margin-top:.4rem}.news-item .news-paper{font-size:.8rem;margin-top:.65rem}@media(max-width:760px){.news-content.has-photo{grid-template-columns:160px minmax(0,1fr)}}@media(max-width:520px){.news-content.has-photo{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:.75rem}.news-photo{max-width:320px}}
.visually-hidden{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:inset(50%);white-space:nowrap;border:0}.page-title:has(.visually-hidden){padding-block:1.3rem}.page-title:has(.visually-hidden) p{margin-top:0}

.research-banner .slides{width:100%;display:grid}.research-banner .banner-slide{grid-area:1/1}.research-banner .banner-slide[hidden]{display:grid!important;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none}.research-banner .banner-copy{padding-left:clamp(1rem,3vw,2.5rem)}.banner-media{position:relative;min-width:0;min-height:0}.banner-media>.banner-image{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-height:none}@media(max-width:520px){.banner-media{height:290px}}@media print{.banner-media{height:220px}}
.recruitment-content{padding-block:2rem 3.5rem}.recruitment-section+ .recruitment-section{margin-top:4rem}.recruitment-section h2{font-size:clamp(1.4rem,2.5vw,1.9rem);font-weight:600;padding-bottom:.45rem;margin-bottom:1.8rem;border-bottom:1px solid #9b9b9b;color:#df3a35;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#ed7927,#dc303b);background-clip:text;-webkit-background-clip:text;-webkit-text-fill-color:transparent}.recruitment-section p,.recruitment-funding{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.9}.recruitment-funding{padding-left:2.7rem;margin:1.7rem 0 0}.recruitment-funding li+li{margin-top:.65rem}.recruitment-funding li::marker{color:var(--accent)}.recruitment-contact{margin-top:2.4rem}@media(max-width:520px){.recruitment-content{padding-block:1.5rem 2.5rem}.recruitment-section+ .recruitment-section{margin-top:2.8rem}.recruitment-section h2{margin-bottom:1.2rem}.recruitment-funding{padding-left:1.4rem}}

/* Research: compact editorial columns with a lead figure and supporting pair. */
.research-content{padding-bottom:1rem}
.research-row{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,.85fr) minmax(0,1.35fr);gap:3.5rem;padding:3rem 0;align-items:start}
.research-summary .number{display:block;font-size:1rem;letter-spacing:.12em;margin-bottom:.65rem;color:var(--accent)}
.research-summary h2{font-size:1.65rem;line-height:1.3;max-width:23rem}
.research-summary p{font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.8;margin-top:1rem}
.research-summary .tags{gap:.4rem;margin-top:1rem}
.research-summary .tag{background:transparent;font-size:.67rem;border-radius:2px}
.research-row .related{margin-top:1.8rem;padding-top:1.1rem;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.research-row .related-title{font-size:.68rem;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted)}
.research-row .related-paper{margin-top:.8rem;padding:0;border:0}
.research-row .related-paper a{font-size:.8rem;line-height:1.55;display:block}
.research-row .related-paper small{font-size:.7rem;margin-top:.15rem;display:block}
.research-gallery{display:grid;gap:1.75rem;grid-column:auto}
.research-gallery-multiple{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}
.research-gallery-multiple .research-figure:first-child{grid-column:1/-1}
.research-figure{width:100%;margin:0;max-width:none;min-width:0}
.research-figure-image{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;aspect-ratio:1.4/1;background:#fafbfc;padding:.5rem;border:1px solid #eef0f3}
.research-figure-image img{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:contain}
.research-gallery-multiple .research-figure:first-child .research-figure-image{aspect-ratio:1.4/1}
.research-gallery-multiple .research-figure:not(:first-child) .research-figure-image{aspect-ratio:1.4/1}
.research-figure figcaption{padding-top:.75rem;line-height:1.5}
.research-figure figcaption>span{display:block}
.research-figure-venue{color:var(--accent);font-size:.68rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.025em;margin-bottom:.3rem}
.research-figure-title{font-size:1rem;color:var(--ink);font-weight:600;margin-bottom:.4rem}
.research-gallery-multiple .research-figure:not(:first-child) .research-figure-title{font-size:.85rem}
.research-figure-link{font-size:.72rem;margin-bottom:.4rem}
.research-figure-credit{font-size:.62rem;color:var(--muted)}
.research-figure-credit a{color:inherit}
.research-figure-image:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:4px}
@media(max-width:900px){.research-row{gap:2rem;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,.8fr) minmax(0,1.2fr)}.research-summary h2{font-size:1.4rem}}
@media(max-width:760px){.research-row{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1.75rem;padding:2rem 0}.research-summary h2{max-width:none}.research-gallery{grid-column:auto;margin:0}.research-row .related{margin-top:1.2rem}.research-gallery>.research-figure:only-child{max-width:600px;margin-inline:auto}.research-figure-image{aspect-ratio:1.1/1}}
@media(max-width:520px){.research-gallery-multiple{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1.75rem}.research-gallery-multiple .research-figure:first-child{grid-column:auto}.research-gallery-multiple .research-figure:not(:first-child) .research-figure-image{aspect-ratio:1.1/1}.research-gallery-multiple .research-figure:not(:first-child) .research-figure-title{font-size:1rem}.research-figure-credit{font-size:.65rem}}

/* Official CityU EE identity, with its original aspect ratio. */
.institution-logo{width:450px;height:auto;object-fit:contain}
@media(max-width:1040px){.institution-logo{width:375px}.masthead{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:1.2rem;padding-block:1rem}.group-name{flex:1;min-width:230px}}
@media(max-width:760px){.institution{max-width:100%}.institution-logo{width:330px}}
@media(max-width:520px){.institution{flex-basis:100%}.institution-logo{width:390px;max-width:100%}}

.research-highlight{margin-top:1.25rem}.research-highlight h3{color:var(--accent);font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:.45rem}
#principal-investigator .profile-copy>section{padding:1.5rem 1.75rem;background:#fff;border:1px solid #e8ebef;box-shadow:0 3px 16px #2733441a;margin-bottom:0}
@media(max-width:520px){#principal-investigator .profile-copy>section{padding:1.2rem}}
.page-title p{max-width:none}
.page-title{border-bottom:0}
.gallery-content{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:2rem;padding:2.5rem 0 3.5rem;align-items:stretch}
.gallery-album{display:flex;flex-direction:column;width:100%;min-width:0;margin:0;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);box-shadow:0 3px 18px #27334412}
.gallery-album figcaption{flex:1;padding:1.3rem 1.5rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.gallery-album h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--accent)}
.gallery-date{font-size:.8rem;color:var(--muted);margin-top:.6rem}
.gallery-album>a{display:block}
.gallery-album img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}
@media(max-width:760px){.gallery-content{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1.5rem}}
@media(max-width:520px){.gallery-content{padding:1.5rem 0 2.5rem}.gallery-album figcaption{padding:1rem}.gallery-album h2{font-size:1.2rem}}
.research-grants{padding:1.5rem 0 3.5rem}
.research-grants>h2{font-size:1.65rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--accent);padding-bottom:.55rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--accent);margin-bottom:1.5rem}
.grants-panel{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 255px;gap:3rem;padding:1.7rem 2rem;background:#fff;border:1px solid #edf0f3;box-shadow:0 3px 18px #27334418}
.grants-panel>*{min-width:0}
.grants-list h3{font-size:1.05rem;color:var(--accent);font-weight:600;margin-bottom:1rem}
.grants-list ol{padding-left:1.5rem;margin:0}
.grants-list li{padding-left:.35rem;margin-bottom:1.25rem;font-size:.88rem;line-height:1.7}
.grants-list li::marker{color:var(--accent);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.grant-title{font-weight:600;color:var(--ink)}
.grant-funding{color:#465666;margin:.15rem 0}
.grant-meta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.3rem 1rem;color:var(--muted);font-size:.78rem}
.upcoming-grants{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:1.2rem;margin-top:1.3rem}
.grants-source{font-size:.75rem;margin-top:1.25rem}
.grant-funders{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:2rem;padding-top:.3rem}
.grant-funder{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;text-align:center;padding:0 .25rem 1.5rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.grant-funder:last-child{border-bottom:0}
.grant-funder img{display:block;width:100%;max-width:240px;height:auto;object-fit:contain;margin-bottom:.8rem}
.funder-name{font-size:.86rem;font-weight:600;color:#31475a;line-height:1.5}
.funder-detail{font-size:.72rem;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.6;margin-top:.35rem}
.funder-regional{font-size:1.45rem;font-weight:500;color:#087c8b;letter-spacing:.025em}
@media(max-width:760px){.grants-panel{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:2rem;padding:1.5rem}.grant-funders{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:1.5rem;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:1.5rem}.grant-funder{padding-bottom:0;border-bottom:0}.research-grants{padding-bottom:2.5rem}}
@media(max-width:520px){.grants-panel{padding:1.25rem}.research-grants>h2{font-size:1.4rem}.grants-list li{font-size:.85rem}.grant-meta{font-size:.75rem}.funder-name{font-size:.8rem}.funder-regional{font-size:1.2rem}}

/* Direction 02: balanced 2-by-2 figures; multiplexing sits bottom right. */
#surfaces .research-gallery{gap:1.5rem 1.35rem}
#surfaces .research-gallery .research-figure:first-child{grid-column:auto}
#surfaces .research-figure .research-figure-image{aspect-ratio:4/3}
#surfaces .research-figure .research-figure-title{font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.45}
#surfaces .research-figure figcaption{padding-top:.65rem}
.pub-links{flex-wrap:wrap;row-gap:.4rem}
.banner-controls button.carousel-playback{font-size:1rem}
.pub-doi{overflow-wrap:anywhere;min-width:0}
.research-crop{display:block;position:relative;overflow:hidden;flex:none;height:100%;width:auto;max-width:100%}
.research-crop img{position:absolute;max-width:none;height:auto}
/* Direction 01: four journal images in equally sized frames. */
#antennas{align-items:start;row-gap:1.75rem}
#antennas .research-gallery{grid-column:2;align-items:start;gap:1.25rem 1.25rem}
#antennas .research-gallery .research-figure{min-width:0;max-width:none;margin:0}
#antennas .research-gallery .research-figure:first-child{grid-column:auto;width:100%;max-width:100%;justify-self:center}
#antennas .research-gallery .research-figure-image{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;aspect-ratio:auto;height:180px;padding:.75rem;border:1px solid #edf0f3;background:#fff;overflow:hidden}
#antennas .research-gallery .research-figure-image,#antennas .research-gallery .research-figure:first-child .research-figure-image{height:187px}
#antennas .research-gallery .research-figure-image>img{width:auto;height:auto;max-width:100%;max-height:100%;object-fit:contain}
#antennas .research-gallery .research-crop img{max-width:none;height:auto}
#antennas .research-figure-title{font-size:.88rem;line-height:1.5}
#antennas .research-summary .related{margin-top:1.25rem;padding-top:1rem}
#antennas .research-summary .related-paper{margin-top:.85rem}
@media(min-width:761px){#antennas{align-items:stretch}#antennas .research-summary{display:flex;flex-direction:column}#antennas .research-summary .related{flex:1;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:space-between;gap:.85rem}#antennas .research-summary .related-paper{margin-top:0}#antennas .research-gallery{align-self:stretch;grid-template-rows:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}#antennas .research-gallery .research-figure{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100%}#antennas .research-gallery .research-figure-image{flex:1;min-height:170px}#antennas .research-gallery figcaption{flex:none}}
@media(max-width:760px){#antennas .research-gallery{grid-column:1;max-width:600px;width:100%;justify-self:center;margin:0}}
@media(max-width:520px){#antennas .research-gallery{grid-template-columns:1fr}#antennas .research-gallery .research-figure:first-child{grid-column:auto}#antennas .research-gallery .research-figure:not(:first-child) .research-figure-image{height:200px}#antennas .research-references{grid-template-columns:1fr}}
@media(max-width:520px){#surfaces .research-gallery{gap:1.75rem}#surfaces .research-figure .research-figure-image{aspect-ratio:1.2/1}#surfaces .research-figure .research-figure-title{font-size:1rem}}

.research-gallery{grid-column:2/-1;display:grid;gap:2rem}.research-figure{width:100%;max-width:685px;margin:0 auto}.research-figure-image{display:block;background:#fff}.research-figure-image img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}.research-figure figcaption{padding-top:.85rem;font-size:.72rem;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.65}.research-figure figcaption>span{display:block}.research-figure-title{font-size:.92rem;color:var(--ink);font-weight:600;margin-bottom:.25rem}.research-figure-image:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:5px}@media(max-width:760px){.research-gallery{grid-column:2/-1;margin-top:.5rem}}@media(max-width:520px){.research-gallery{grid-column:1/-1;margin-top:1rem}}

/* Research directions share the Research Grants panel treatment. */
.research-content>.research-row{padding:1.7rem 2rem;margin-bottom:2rem;background:#fff;border:1px solid #edf0f3;box-shadow:0 3px 18px #27334418;column-gap:2.5rem}
.research-content>.research-row:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
@media(max-width:760px){.research-content>.research-row{padding:1.5rem;gap:1.75rem}.research-content>.research-row .research-gallery{grid-column:1/-1}}
@media(max-width:520px){.research-content>.research-row{padding:1.25rem;margin-bottom:1.5rem}}

/* Direction 01: equal figure frames and aligned journal labels. */
#antennas .research-gallery{grid-template-rows:auto auto;align-content:start}
#antennas .research-gallery .research-figure{height:auto;display:block}
#antennas .research-gallery .research-figure-image,#antennas .research-gallery .research-figure:first-child .research-figure-image,#antennas .research-gallery .research-figure:not(:first-child) .research-figure-image{height:200px;min-height:200px;flex:none}
#antennas .research-gallery figcaption{padding-top:.75rem}
#antennas .research-figure-venue{min-height:2.9em;line-height:1.45}
#antennas .research-figure-title{min-height:3em}

/* Lab identity: CityU symbol without department text. */
.institution-logo{width:122px;height:71px;max-width:100%;object-fit:contain}.group-name{font-size:clamp(1.3rem,2.5vw,2rem);line-height:1.3;min-width:0}.masthead{gap:1.8rem}
@media(max-width:760px){.institution-logo{width:110px;height:64px}.group-name{min-width:0;flex:1}.masthead{gap:1rem}}
@media(max-width:520px){.institution{flex-basis:auto}.institution-logo{width:90px;height:auto}.group-name{font-size:1.2rem}}

/* Former members: compact directory table. */
.former-members-table-wrap{overflow-x:auto;border:1px solid var(--line)}
.former-members-table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left;font-size:.92rem}
.former-members-table th,.former-members-table td{padding:1rem 1.2rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);vertical-align:top}
.former-members-table th{background:var(--soft);color:var(--accent);font-weight:600}
.former-members-table tbody tr:last-child td{border-bottom:0}
.former-members-table td:first-child{font-weight:600}
@media(max-width:520px){.former-members-table th,.former-members-table td{padding:.75rem .6rem}.former-members-table{font-size:.82rem}}