Power Grids in the Midst of Rapidly Increasing Penetration of Power Electronics
[HKIAS Distinguished Lecture, April 12, 2022]
The penetration of power electronics into power generation and distribution systems has deepened in recent years, as prompted by the increasing use of renewable sources, quest for higher performance in the control of power conversion, as well as the increasing influence of economical plans that necessitate power trading among different regions or clusters of power distribution. As a result of the increased use of power electronics for controlling power flows in power systems, interactions of power electronics systems and conventional synchronous machines' dynamics would inevitably cause stability and robustness concerns, which can be readily understood by the coupling effects among interacting dynamical systems of varying stability margins (or transient performances). This project examines the various problems of power electronics penetration into power grids and the implications on the stability and robustness of power networks.
Key References:
D. Liu, X. Zhang, and C. K. Tse, "Effects of high level of penetration of renewable energy sources on cascading failure of modern power systems," IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 98-106, March 2022.
D. Liu, X. Zhang, and C. K. Tse, "A tutorial on modeling and analysis of cascading failure in future power grids," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 68, no. 1, January 2021.
C. K. Tse, M. Huang, X. Zhang, D. Liu, and X. L. Li, "Circuits and systems issues in power electronics penetrated power grid," IEEE Open Journal of Circuits and Systems, vol. 1, pp. 140-156, September 2020. INVITED PAPER [IEEEXplore Open Access]
Invited Open Lecture at IEEE ISCAS 2020 (Spain), Keynote Lecture at AUPEC 2021 (Australia) and HKIAS Distinguished Lecture 2022 (Hong Kong).
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Nonlinear Phenomena in Renewable Energy Systems and Grid-Connected Power Converter Systems: Interactions, Stability and Design [Awarded Best Paper (Second Place) by IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 2016]
Our latest initiative in power electronics research has been motivated by the recent development of energy systems which emphasizes the integration of the various renewable sources with the power grid and other distribution infra-structures. The new development has spawned new interests and serious concerns about stability and the impacts of interactions of a large number of systems through the distribution network. Moreover, renewable sources are also subject to fluctuation of availability, e.g., solar, wind, tidal, etc. The systems are therefore expected to be multi-structural and operating with multi-operating modes. Our research focus is on the complex behavior of such systems interacting via a common distribution network.
Key References:
J. Yang, C. K. Tse, and D. Liu, "Nonlinear behavior and reduced-order models of islanded microgrid," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 9212-9225, August 2022.
J. Yang, C. K. Tse, M. Huang, and X. Fu, "Homoclinic bifurcation of a grid-forming voltage source converter," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 13176-13187, November 2021.
M. Huang, Y. Peng, C. K. Tse, Y. Liu, J. Sun, and X. Zha, "Bifurcation and large-signal stability analysis of three-phase voltage source converter under grid voltage dips," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 32, no. 11, pp. 8868-8879, November 2017.
C. Wan, M. Huang, C. K. Tse, and X. Ruan, "Effects of interaction of power converters coupled via power grid: a design-oriented study," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 3589-3600, July 2015. [Best Paper Award (Second Place) 2016]
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Modelling of Transmission of COVID-19 Pandemic
The 2019 New Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak began to occur and escalate in a special holiday period in China (about 20 days surrounding the Lunar New Year), during which a huge volume of intercity travel took place, resulting in outbreaks in multiple regions in China connected by an active transportation network. A new Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Confirmed-Removed (SEICR) model with consideration of intercity travel and active intervention is proposed for predicting the spreading progression of COVID-19. The model takes into account the known or reported number of infected cases being fewer than the actual number of infected individuals due to insufficient testing. The model integrates intercity travel data to track the movement of exposed and infected individuals among cities, and allows different levels of active intervention to be considered so that realistic prediction of the number of infected individuals can be performed. Data from over 500 cities/regions in China, Japan, South Korea, Italy, Iran, and USA are included in the study.. This work is a collaboration with Dr Choujun Zhan, a former CityU PhD graduate and now professor at South China Normal University.
Key References:
C. Zhan, L. Shao, X. Zhang, Z. Yin, Y. Gao, C. K. Tse, D. Yang, D. Wu, and H. Zhang, "Estimating unconfirmed COVID-19 infection cases and multiple waves of pandemic progression with consideration of testing capacity and non-pharmaceutical interventions: a dynamic spreading model," Information Sciences (Impact Factor = 8.23), vol. 607, pp. 418-439, August 2022. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002002552200531X
D. Liu, C. K. Tse, R. H. M. Chan, and C. Zhan., "Who should get vaccinated first? An effective network information-driven priority vaccination strategy,” posted at MedRxiv, May 13, 2021. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.10.21256999v1
C. Zhan, C. K. Tse, Y. Gao, and T. Hao, "Comparative study of COVID-19 pandemic progressions in 175 regions in Australia, Canada, Italy, Japan, Spain, UK and USA using a novel model that considers testing capacity and deficiency in confirming infected cases," IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics (Impact Factor = 5.77), vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 2836-2847, August 2021.
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9456083
C. Zhan, C. K. Tse, Y. Fu, Z. Lai, and H. Zhang, "Modeling and prediction of the 2019 coronavirus disease spreading in China incorporating human migration data," PLoS ONE, October 2020. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0241171
[First posted at MedRixv on Feb 18, 2020]
C. Zhan, C. K. Tse, Z. Lai, T. Hao, and J. Su, "Prediction of COVID-19 spreading profiles in South Korea, Italy and Iran by data-driven coding," PLoS ONE, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. e0234763, July 2020. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0234763
[First posted at MedRixv on Mar 8, 2020]
C. Zhan, C. K. Tse, Z. Lai, X. Chen, and M. Mo, "General model for COVID-19 spreading with consideration of intercity migration, insufficient testing, and active intervention: modeling study of pandemic progression in Japan and the United States," JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (Impact Factor = 14.56), vol. 6, no. 3, pp. e18880, 2020. https://publichealth.jmir.org/2020/3/e18880/
[First posted at MedRixv on Mar 25, 2020]
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Wireless Power Transfer Applications
Power supplies using remote inductive power transfer have become realistic options for charging moving vehicles and in biomedical uses. The reactive element compensation problem is critical for achieving good efficiency. Our recent work has focused on the basic theory of reactive compensation and efficiency optimization, and application focuses are a charging platform for electric vehicles and LED lighting systems.
[ Video Recording of Presentation on the Design Pathways to Higher Order Compensation ]
Key References:
F. Xu, S. C. Wong, and C. K. Tse, "Inductive power transfer system with maximum efficiency tracking control and real-time mutual inductance estimation," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 6156-6167, May 2022.
Y. C. Liu, J. Zhang, C. K. Tse, C. Zhu, and S. C. Wong, "General pathways to higher order compensation circuits for IPT converters via sensitivity analysis," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 36, no. 9, pp. 9897-9906, September 2021. [Best Paper Award (Second Place) 2021]
Z. Huang, S. C. Wong, and C. K. Tse, "An inductive power transfer converter with high efficiency throughout battery charging process," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 34, no. 10, pp. 10245-10255, October 2019.
X. Qu, Y. Jing, H. Han, S. C. Wong, and C. K. Tse, "Higher order compensation for inductive-power-transfer converters with constant-voltage or constant-current output combating transformer parameter constraints," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 394-405, January 2017. [Best Paper Award (Second Place) 2018]
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New Network-based Models for Power System’s Robustness Assessment and Cascading Failure Simulation
Our model is able to capture the salient characteristics of cascading failure patterns consistent with all historical blackout data. IEEEXplore Innovation Spotlight featured our work in November 2015.
Key References:
J. Fang, J. Wu, Z. Zheng, and C. K. Tse, "Revealing structural and functional vulnerability of power grids to cascading failures," IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 133-143, March 2021.
D. Liu, C. K. Tse, and X. Zhang, "Robustness assessment and enhancement of power grids from a complex network's perspective using decision trees," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 66, no. 5, pp. 833-837, May 2019.
X. Zhang, C. Zhan, and C. K. Tse, "Modeling the dynamics of cascading failures in power systems," IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 192-204, June 2017.
X. Zhang, D. Liu, C. Zhan, and C. K. Tse, "Effects of cyber coupling on cascading failures in power systems," IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 228-238, June 2017.
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Our Universal Growth Equation describes how user population of products and services, membership subscriptions, even your publications and citations, grow as time goes
We derive from first principle a growth equation that fits all data of growing user population, such as Facebook signups, electronic products, services, app downloads, and virtually everything that grows as time goes, like the number of papers you publish and the number of times your papers get cited. If x(t) is the quantity of the item you are interested in, it will grow according to
where c1 and c2 are growth parameters corresponding to peer influence and personal decision, respectively, and N is the total potential user population. The basis of our theory is a network of people who make decision on whether to sign up for a service or use a product according to the individuals’ independent judgement as well as peer influence. Statistical analysis is used to derive the above growth equation.
Key References:
C. Zhan and C. K. Tse, "A network model for growth of markets having hierarchical dependence," IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 198–209, July 2019. [Link to IEEEXplore]
C. Zhan and C.K. Tse, "A universal model for growth of user population of products and services," Network Science, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 491-507, December 2016. [Link to Online Journal Viewing]
[Download for Self Study]
C. Zhan and C.K. Tse, "A network model for growth of publications and citations,” Journal of Complex Networks, Advance Access, doi: 10.1093/comnet/cnw019, August 2016 [Link to Online Journal Viewing]
[Link to IEEEXplore]
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Network Research in Finance
Network of World’s Stock Markets: Nodes are stock indices of different countries. A link indicates that the two connected markets are correlated in the sense that the time series of the pair of indices over 2005-2007 have a Pearson correlation of over 85%.
Key References:
C. K. Tse, J. Liu, and F. C. M. Lau, “A network perspective of stock markets,” Journal of Empirical Finance, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 659-667, September 2010. [Download]
J. Liu, C. K. Tse, and K. He, “Fierce stock market fluctuation disrupts scalefree distribution,” Quantitative Finance, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 817-823, June 2011. [Download]
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How efficient are Hong Kong’s public transport systems, as compared to London’s, Paris’s, Beijing’s, Tokyo’s, … and how effective are our resources being used in addressing commuters’ needs?
We developed innovative network-based models that permit effective assessment of the network structure and operation performance of our transport systems. Applications to bus networks, metro networks and others have offered useful insights into the key factors that contribute to an efficient and effective transportation systems that optimize passenger volume and levels of comfort.
Key References:
X. Wu, H. Dong, and C. K. Tse, "A three-layer model for studying metro network dynamics," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, to appear.
T. Shanmukhappa, I. W. H. Ho, C. K. Tse, and K. K. Leung, "Recent development in public transport network analysis from the complex network perspective," IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 39-65, November 2019.
T. Shanmukhappa, I. W. H. Ho, and C. K. Tse, "Spatial analysis of bus transport networks using network theory," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, vol. 502, pp. 295-314, July 2018.
X. Wu, H. Dong, C. K. Tse, I. W-H. Ho, and F. C. M. Lau, "Analysis of metro network performance from a complex network perspective," Physica A, vol. 492, pp. 553-563, February, 2018.